Assessing The accomplishments of Galileo Galilei Essay Example

Assessing The accomplishments of Galileo Galilei Essay Example Assessing The accomplishments of Galileo Galilei Paper Assessing The accomplishments of Galileo Galilei Paper In the field of scientific discipline, Galileo Galilei is good known by the universe for detecting the Torahs of neglecting organic structures and gestures of missiles ; open uping telescopic observation and detecting maculas, the irregular surface of the Moon, the orbiters of Jupiter, and the stages of Venus. Most of all, he besides contributed to defending Copernicus Sun-centered existence and motivating the split that freed scientific cognition from the limitations of religious belief. There are uncountable achievements made by him. Now we give his life narrative and how it began. Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy on February 15, 1564, and he was the oldest of seven kids. His male parent, Vincenzo Galilei, who instigated his ain revolution in the humanistic disciplines by challenging the current theories on the construction of music, believed that medical specialty would be the best profession for his boy. However, Galileo had told his male parent that he wanted to be a monastic. This was non what his male parent had in head, so Galileo was taken off from the monastery. In 1581, at the age of 17, he entered the University of Pisa to analyze medical specialty, as his male parent wished. At that clip, Galileo discovered something that no 1 else had of all time realized: The jurisprudence of the pendulum, and that made Galileo immediately celebrated. Galileo Galilei so moved on to the University of Padua, and started to larn his existent involvements, mathematics and mechanics. In 1590, Galileo made a two ball while landing, at the tower of Pisa, this celebrated experiment, corrected Aristotle s theory of the falling object is relative to the velocity and weight, which continued for 1900 Old ages of incorrect conclusionsListenRead phonetically. In the twelvemonth 1592, Galileo entered the University of Padua to analyze mathematics, where he stayed for 18 old ages. Since so, Galileo ushered in the aureate age of life. Galileo stayed at the Palace in Florence to go on scientific research, but his astronomical finds and his Hagiographas clearly reflected astronomy out of the Copernican heliocentric position. Thus, Galileo began to have the church s attending. In 1610, Galileo published a book, The Starry Messenger, depicting his findings that supported the Copernican theory. Galileo s support for the heliocentric theory got him into problem with the Roman Catholic Church. He was forced to abandon his astronomical chases. From 1616, Galileo accused by the Roman Inquisition and began over 20 old ages of barbarous persecution. But, Galileo retaliated by printing a book subsequently on, Dialogue Refering the Two Chief World Systems. This book cause more statements with the church due to it were in Italian which was a direct struggle with the church. Galileo s ulterior life is really suffering, taking attention of his girl Sailisite even before he died. The unhappiness of losing his girl made Galileo blind. Even in such conditions, he still did non give up his scientific research. January 8, 1642, 4:00, for scientific discipline, for truth and life of the soldiers fight, Galileo passed off at the age of 78 old ages. Died on the Eve of his going, he repeated the phrase: the chase of scientific discipline requires a particular bravery. During 18 old ages of working in Padua University, Galileo ab initio concentrate on the mechanics he had been interested in research, he discovered an of import phenomenon in natural philosophies inactiveness of the motion of objects ; did the celebrated angle pattern summed up the objects from falling through with the relationship between the figure of clip ; He besides studied the shells of the run, laid the theoretical footing of the parabola ; on the construct of acceleration, but besides made his first clear: even to mensurate a patient with febrility when the temperature increases, the celebrated physicist, invented in 1593 is besides the first air thermometer. However, an inadvertent event made Galileo changed the research way. He turned to mechanics and natural philosophies of the expansive infinite of the huge sweep. Galileo telescope was invented.It was June 1609, Galileo heard of intelligence that the Dutch man of affairs has spectacless found in the occasional in the dis tance with a lens to see unseeable things. Is this non precisely what I need clairvoyance it? Galileo was really happy. Soon, a pupil of Galileo s wrote him a missive from Paris, to further corroborate the truth of this information, the missive said the spectacless made a by the man of affairs decidedly a mirror tubing, utilizing it can do magnified the object many times. Galileo began to pull a diagram and an imagination lens. This prompted the mirror control Galileo was inspired, it seems that the secret to amplify objects through mirror tubing is to take the right sort of lens, in peculiar, convex and concave to fit. He got the information about the lens and continued to cipher. After a whole dark, Galileo eventually understand that the convex and concave lenses in a proper distance, as the Dutch saw it, the distant object the bare oculus can non see can be seen when magnified. Galileo attended to rest and rapidly started crunching lenses, this is a really time-consuming and requires carefulness occupation. He did good for several yearss, a brace of convex and concave lens crunching, and so produced an luxuriant two-tier metal tubing which can skid. Galileo carefully put a bigger one terminal of the tubing lens safety, the other terminal of the arrangement of a smaller concave lens, and so put the tubing in forepart of the window. When he looked fr om one terminal concave, miracle appears, the church seemed distant sight, he could clearly see the cross on the tower, even a dove settled on the cross are besides seen really realistic. Galileo so made a series of profound finds utilizing his new telescope, including that the Moon has craters, vales, and mountains much like the Earth s terrain. He besides was able to see four little visible radiations revolving around the planet Jupiter and discovered that the planet Venus had stages much like our Moon. Later at University of Padua he was exposed to a new theory, proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus, that the Earth and all the other planets revolved around the Sun. Galileo s observations with his new telescope convinced him of the truth of Copernicus s sun-centered or heliocentric theory. Through uninterrupted betterments, the telescope has 30 times more magnification than earlier, enlarged 1000 times to aims. The astronomy research is a landmark revolution. Thousands of old ages uranologists observed the epoch of Moon and stars through bare oculus entirely can stop, it is replaced by optical telescopes, with this powerful innovation, the door to modern uranology was opened. The innovation of the telescope and the series of finds that resulted from it made Galileo celebrated. However, by back uping the theory of Copernicus he aroused resistance in of import Catholic Church circles, and in 1616 he was ordered to halt from learning the Copernican hypothesis. Galileo chafed under this limitation for several old ages. When the Pope died, in 1623, he was succeeded by a adult male who had been an supporter of Galileo. The undermentioned twelvemonth the new Pope, Urban VIII, equivocally stated that the prohibition would no longer be in force. Galileo spent the following six old ages composing his most celebrated work, the Dialogue Refering the Two Chief World Systems. This book was a consummate expounding of the grounds to back up Copernican theory, and the book was published with the permission of the Church censors. Nevertheless, Church governments still responded in choler when the book appeared, and Galileo was shortly brought to test before the Inquisition of Rome on charges of holding violated the 1616 prohibition. It seems clear that many clerics were unhappy with the determination to prosecute the celebrated scientist. Even under the Church jurisprudence of the clip, the instance against Galileo was questionable, and hence he was given a relatively light sentence. He was non arrested in gaol at all, but simply to house apprehension in his ain comfy topographic point in Arcetri. Theoretically, he was to hold no visitants, but that proviso of the sentence was non enforced. His lone other penalty was the demand that he publically abjure his position that the Earth moved around the Sun. This the sixty-nine-year-old scientist did in unfastened tribunal. ( The Religious Affiliation of Astronomer, Scientist Galileo Galilei, 12 July 2005 ) All of this what he has suffered was merely for Copernicans, non for any dissenting theological positions. Furthermore, it may be noted that Galileo s Catholic leaders considered his positions about heliocentricity to be dissident even though himself did non believed to be dissident at that clip. However, today the Catholic Church does non see heliocentricity or any of Galileo s Hagiographas to be dissident anymore. Celebrated Scientists Who Believed in God by Rich Deem stated that Galileo is frequently remembered for his struggle with the Roman Catholic Church. He paid an tremendous monetary value for what he has done throughout his scientific calling. However, after the test and being forbidden to learn the sun-centered system, Galileo did his most utile theoretical accomplishment on kineticss. Galileo expressly said that the Bible can non be incorrect, but he was merely refering the issue of how the Bible should be interpreted. Galileo, it would be noted, was a profoundly spiritual adult male. Despite his test and strong belief, he did non reject either faith or the church, but merely the effort of Church governments to smother probe of scientific affairs. Of greater importance, nevertheless, is the function he played in establishing modern scientific method. I have rather justly admired Galileo as a symbol of rebellion against bigotry, and against autocratic efforts to smother freedom of idea. Galileo is likely more responsible than any other adult male for the empirical attitude of scientific research. It was him who foremost insisted upon the importance of executing experiments. He rejected the impression that scientific inquiries could be decided by trust upon authorization, whether it be the dictums of the Church of the averments of Aristotle. He besides rejected trust on complex deductive strategies that were non based on a steadfast foundation of experiment. Medieval pedants had discussed at great length what and why should things go on, but Galileo insisted upon executing experiments to find what really did go on. In this instance, I am rather inspired by him with his scientific mentality. In decision, Galileo was a really rigorous Catholic but he had some imperfectnesss that was nt in Catholic manner. However, this will no impact him to go one of the greatest scientists in history. There is no uncertainty that Galileo Galilei has been named one of the smartest work forces in history. His innovations and theories have an tremendous impact on modern scientific discipline. It besides has been a great success to our society. With his magnificent work, he will everlastingly be remembered as the innovator of scientific discipline, and for how he brought the universe into a new epoch of cognition. Most of all, he will ever be remembered as the adult male who cared more about working out the truth than himself.

Best Presidential Memorial Day Quotes

Best Presidential Memorial Day Quotes Humanitarian, educator, and former tennis player Arthur Ashe once said, True heroism is remarkably sober, very undramatic. It is not the urge to surpass all others at whatever cost, but the urge to serve others at whatever cost. As Memorial Day approaches, spare a moment to think about the many soldiers who died fighting for liberty. American Presidents Speak on Memorial Day The 34th president of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, expressed it beautifully, Only our individual faith in freedom can keep us free. As another American president, Abraham Lincoln, put it, Freedom is the last, best hope of earth. Lincoln steered the country through the Civil War, saved the Union and ended slavery. Who better to define freedom for us? These are some of the best Memorial Day quotes from American presidents. Read their words of inspiration, and understand the heart of an American patriot. John F. Kennedy Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. Richard Nixon, 1974 What we do with this peace- whether we preserve it and defend it, or whether we lose it and let it slip away- will be the measure of our worthiness of the spirit and sacrifice of the hundreds of thousands who gave their lives in two World Wars, Korea, and in Vietnam. This Memorial Day should remind us of the greatness that past generations of Americans achieved from Valley Forge to Vietnam, and it should inspire us with the determination to keep America great and free by keeping America safe and strong in our own time, a time of unique destiny and opportunity for our Nation. Peace is the real and right memorial for those who have died in  war. Benjamin Harrison I have never quite been able to feel that half-masted flags were appropriate on Decoration Day. I have rather felt that the flag should be at the peak, because those whose dying we commemorate rejoiced in seeing it where their valor placed it. Woodrow Wilson, 1914 I believe that soldiers will bear me out in saying that both come in time of battle. I take it that the moral courage comes in going into the battle, and the physical courage in staying in. Therefore this peculiar thing comes about, that we can stand here and praise the memory of these soldiers in the interest of peace. They set us the example of self-sacrifice, which if followed in peace will make it unnecessary that men should follow war any more. They do not need our praise. They do not need that our admiration should sustain them. There is no immortality that is safer than theirs. We come not for their sakes but for our own, in order that we may drink at the same springs of inspiration from which they themselves selves drank. Lyndon Johnson, 1966 On this Memorial Day, it is right for us to remember the living and the dead for whom the call of their country has meant much pain and sacrifice. Peace does not come just because we wish for it. Peace must be fought for. It must be built stone by stone. Herbert Hoover, 1931 It was the transcendent fortitude and steadfastness of these men who in adversity and in suffering through the darkest hour of our history held faithful to an ideal. Here men endured that a nation might live. An ideal is an unselfish aspiration. Its purpose is the general welfare not only of this but of future generations. It is a thing of the spirit. It is a generous and humane desire that all men may share equally in a common good. Our ideals are the cement, which binds human society. Valley Forge has come indeed to be a symbol in American life. It is more than the name  for  a place, more than the scene of a military episode, more than just a critical event in history. Freedom was won here by fortitude  not  by the flash of the sword. Bill Clinton, 2000 You fought for freedom in foreign lands, knowing it would protect our freedom at home. Today, freedom advances all around the world, and for the first time in all human history, more than half the world’s people choose their own leaders. Yes, America has made your sacrifice matter. George Bush 1992 Whether we observe the occasion through public ceremony or through private prayer, Memorial Day leaves few hearts unmoved. Each of the patriots whom we remember on this day was first a beloved son or daughter, a brother or sister, or a spouse, friend, and neighbor.   2003 Their sacrifice was great, but not in vain. All Americans and every free nation on earth can trace their liberty to the white markers of places like Arlington National Cemetery. And may God keep us ever grateful. 2005 Looking across this field, we see the scale of heroism and sacrifice. All who are buried here understood their duty. All stood to protect America. And all carried with them memories of a family that they hoped to keep safe by their sacrifice. Barack Obama, 2009 They, and  we,  are the legacies of an unbroken chain of proud men and women who served their country with honor, who waged war so that we might know peace, who braved hardship so that we might know opportunity, who paid the ultimate price so that we might know freedom. If the fallen could speak to us, what would they say? Would they console us? Perhaps they might say that while they could not know they’d be called upon to storm a beach through a hail of gunfire, they were willing to give up everything for the defense of our freedom; that while they could not know they’d be called upon to jump into the mountains of Afghanistan and seek an elusive enemy, they were willing to sacrifice all for their country; that while they couldn’t possibly know they would be called to leave this world for another, they were willing to take that chance to save the lives of their brothers and  sisters  in arms.

Mid Course Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mid Course Exercise - Essay Example This is the real case in which firms try to differentiate their product or service offerings just to be able to gain considerable market share in the midst of an ongoing competition. The threat of new entrants on the other hand is alarming to the existing firms of the same industry. This is because the new entrants try to remarkably prove themselves and share something new that will create a significant impact in the market (Porter, 1980). Threats of substitute products or services bring forward the opportunity for customers to have various choices. As a result, customers have strong market power because of their chance to choose for the best price, quality and other intrinsic features of a product or service offering (Porter, 1980). Bargaining power of buyers may happen if there are various product or service offerings to choose from. This happens in a highly diversified market where there are existing competition trying to diversify their product or service offerings resulting to b etter substitutes at remarkably lower prices or even higher quality, the bottom line is to extend market power (George, Joll, & Lynk, 1992). Bargaining power of sellers on the other hand can affect the level of competitive intensity within an industry by taking advantage of maximizing their opportunities. They could either monopolize the industry under a monopolistic competition (McEachern, 2011). This is evident in the case of Philippine Petroleum Industry and other third world countries which are under the bargaining power of multinational corporations on petroleum products. Relative power of other stakeholders is also influential on the competitive level of an industry. One basic example is the ability of Apple Incorporated to successfully penetrate the mobile phone industry with its innovative smart phone technology (Apple Incorporated, 2011). This happened because Apple is supported by various stakeholders for the successful promotion of its breakthrough technology. As noticed, the market today is bombarded with different styles and options for smart phone technology. 2. What information is needed for effective strategy formulation? Why? Answer: An organization must be able to measure the level of commitment of its top personnel such as the managers or supervisors in order to be able to understand how well they would want to continue its vision (Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell, 2010; Zanini, 2007; Hitchcock & Willard, 2009). In fact, it is found that a strong commitment among top managers in an organization is associated with effective strategy implementation outside the bound of environmental dynamism (Willauer, 2005). This only implies that an effective strategy formulation does not only ensure finding the right information about the competitors’ strategic moves or the external environment in general, but more so, there is a need to understand the internal environment because it definitely affects how the entire organization would function in great detail in the midst of its entire business operation. For instance, we know how the economic downturn in 2008 affected the United States and the business firms. However, such external factor sometimes may be overlooked but one thing that could not be missed out is the information about employee commitment. In times of crisis like this, employees would most likely to consider many issues and on top of them it might be about their concern on sustainability. How they could feed their family, or ensure making both ends

International Finance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Finance - Case Study Example In 1993, ICI demerged its bioscience businesses to a publicly listed company, Zeneca Group PLC. 1997 saw ICI transforming from a regional manufacturer of bulk chemicals to a global specialty chemical and paints leader with the acquisition of Unilever's Speciality Chemicals businesses. Over the last decade, ICI has transformed its portfolio through a number of acquisitions and divestments worth more than 12 billion. Proceeds from divestments have helped ICI reduce its net debt and improve its balance sheet strength (ICI Annual Report, 2006). This paper evaluates the international operations of ICI and discusses how important international trade is for the ICI Group. Various analyses are conducted such as strategic, financial, SWOT, and risk to provide a deeper insight into the company's international operations. ICI Board comprises of the Chairman, Chief Executive, 3 directors, and five non-executive directors. Collectively, the Board is responsible for the success of the company. Through the Chief Executive, the Board delegates to management the overall performance of the company through the setting of clear objectives, building long-term management capability and ensuring that the business is managed in conformity with the business principles. Core businesses Core businesses of ICI comprise ICI Paints and the adhesives, specialty starches, specialty polymers and electronic materials operations of National Starch. These businesses serve diverse consumer and industrial markets through 40 strategic business units. These businesses are supported by Group functions that provide expertise in the disciplines of information technology, finance, human resources, operations, procurement, safety, security, and applied technology (ICI Annual Report, 2006). ICI Paints has some of the world's leading paint and decorative product brands. ICI makes products to prepare and care for many building materials, and provides coatings for cans and packages. It is headquartered in the UK and has operations in 25 countries (ICI Annual Report, 2006). National Starch markets a broad array of products to various sectors such as food, healthcare and construction. It has four divisions that are grouped around adhesives, specialty starches, specialty polymers and electronic materials. National Starch is headquartered in the United States, and has manufacturing and customer service centres in 39 countries (ICI Annual Report, 2006). ICI has a number of regional and industrial businesses, principal operations for which are located in Pakistan and Argentina. They include the manufacture of pure terephthalic acid, polyester, sulphur-related chemicals, wine chemicals and soda ash (ICI Annual Report, 2006). ICI is headquartered in the UK, with geographically diversified operations worldwide. Asia and Latin America account for 36% of sales, North America 33%, Europe 29%, and the rest of the world 2%. ICI's businesses have adopted a staffing policy whereby local nationals are typically hired. Total employee strength at ICI is 29, 130, of which 87% are located outside the UK. ICI Group has operations in more than 50 countries around the world. More than 60% of the Group's revenue comes from sectors which are believed to be non-cyclical in nature, such

Mechanical Engineering and Agriculture Essay Example for Free

Mechanical Engineering and Agriculture Essay Engineering is a rapidly developing career field. There are many reasons why I would like to become an engineer. I am interested in SIUE’s Mechanical Engineering program. Mechanical Engineering is an exciting career field. In my youth, I was constantly designing and building an assortment of contraptions out of LEGO’s and K’NEX pieces. These objects included rollercoasters, cars, buildings, tractors, and many other machines. Growing up on a farm, I have always been interested in agriculture. There are many reasons why I’m interested in the Mechanical Engineering program at SIUE. This program offers many challenges to its students while providing them with numerous opportunities to design and build many machines and devices. I have three cousins who are engineers. One of my cousins is a civil engineer, and the other two are mechanical engineers. The first mechanical engineer designs air ducts for commercial buildings. The second designs plastic containers for a variety of companies. While these are not related to my career interest, it shows the broad amount of jobs available to a mechanical engineer. This is another reason why this program interests me. In today’s economy, knowing there’s about a ten percent unemployment rate, the ability to have a very wide range set of skills is nearly a necessity. While building small toys out of plastic pieces is much different than designing the next rollercoaster, it is how I originally gained so much interest in engineering. At the age of seven, I received a rollercoaster K’NEX set for Christmas. We opened presents at about nine on Christmas Eve. By the time we were done, it was almost ten. I stayed up building the roller coaster and finished in about an hour and a half. The design was not very complex; however, it was taller than me at the time. I also built as many cars as possible out of my LEGO’s. The fact that it was always interesting, and still is, is the main reason why I am interested in engineering. Agriculture has had a major influence on my life. I live on a farm, and many people know the ups and downs of farm life. The fact that this career could give me the ability to work at a company like John Deere or Caterpillar is very exciting. Once I graduate, I plan to work in an agriculture related field. I have grown up around it and want to see the look on my dad’s face when I design him a better tractor or combine. The salary that comes with these jobs is also a bonus since I’m used to money being short at times. Engineering is one of the most interesting and broadest career fields today. I am very interested in Mechanical Engineering at SIUE. Whether I was building K’NEX rollercoasters or LEGO cars, I have been building since my youth. Growing up on a farm has given me background for my career interests and has been an important factor in choosing my major

Shakespeares Hamlet - Observations of Madness Essay -- Madness and I

Hamlet: Observations of Madness One of the most analyzed plays in existence is the tragedy Hamlet, with its recurring question: "Is Hamlet’s 'antic disposition' feigned or real?" In truth, this question can only be answered by observing the thoughts of the main characters in relation to the cause of Hamlet real or feigned madness. In the tragedy Hamlet, each of the main characters explains Hamlets madness in their own unique way. To discover the cause behind the madness of Hamlet, each character used their own ambitions, emotions and interpretations of past events. Characters tried to explain Hamlet's "antic disposition" by means of association to thwarted ambition, heartbreaking anguish, and denied love. In the workings of their thoughts, the characters inadvertently reveal something about their own desires, emotions and experiences to the reader. The thoughts of Guildenstern and Rosencrantz present the reader with one possible factor for the cause of Hamlets supposed madness. The two men believe that the cause for Hamlets madness is his lack of â€Å"advancement† or thwarted ambition. In a conversation with Hamlet in Act II scene II, Guildenstern and Rosencrantz come upon this idea: Hamlet: Denmark's a prison. Rosencrantz: Then is the world one. Hamlet: A goodly one; in which there are many confines, wards and dungeons, Denmark being one o' the worst. Rosencrantz: We think not so, my lord. Hamlet: Why, then, 'tis none to you; for there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so: to me it is a prison. When the heir apparent calls his heritage a prison, something must be seriously wrong, and it is not difficult for th... ...rman N. Holland, Sidney Homan and Bernard J. Paris. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 175-190. Leverenz, David. 1980. 'The Woman in Hamlet: An Interpersonal View.' In Representing Shakespeare: New Psychoanalytic Essays, edited by Coppelia Kahn and Murray M. Schwarz. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins Press, 110-128. Levin, Richard. 1990. 'The Poetics and Politics of Bardicide.' PMLA 105: 491-504. Vickers, Brian. 1993. Appropriating Shakespeare: Contemporary Critical Quarrels. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Watson, Robert N. 1990. 'Giving up the Ghost in a World of Decay: Hamlet, Revenge and Denial.' Renaissance Drama 21:199-223. Wright, George T. 1981. 'Hendiadys and Hamlet.' PMLA 96:168-193. Shakespeare, William. The Tradegy of Hamlet Prince of Denmark. New York: Washington Square Press, 1992

Microeconomics Market Structures

According to the principles of microeconomics market structures can be identified as perfect competition, oligopoly or monopoly. In our society today and the way business is conducted, market structures are not strictly defined by on of these particular types. They can be composed of a mix of them. A market structure that has a higher level of competition can be more efficient than those that have lower levels of competition. We know this since lower competition increases the producer’s surplus; in return it decreases the consumer surplus.The loss in the consumer’s surplus is means it will be greater than the increase in the producer’s surplus. This leads to what we have learned as a deadweight loss. A perfect competitive market can also be thought as the most efficient form of market, where consumers are the most beneficial. Realistically it is difficult to identify and choose a perfect competitive market. Perfect competitive markets have the following character istics: * No entry or exit barriers: These markets should have their structures set up with no entry or exit barriers.Simply meaning that new suppliers can invest in their company without any significant capitol or risk. They can also exit the industry without facing any significant loss. *Infinite buyers and sellers: the markets have unlimited or infinite amounts of producers that are willing to sell their products to an unlimited or infinite amount of buyers. This is to ensure that there is no supplier or buyer has a significant market share. This is to prevent others in the market from being able to determine the market price. Perfect Information: This is when all competitors in the market have to provide and share equal information among/between each other. Suppliers and buyers alike, go forward and profit from having full and complete information, just like the other suppliers and buyers in the markets. The above conditions benefit consumers as these firms develop and become pr ice takers. The price of the product will be decided by the supply and demand. The equilibrium point is where the supply curve and demand curve intersect and establish the market price of the product.Therefore, in all aspects of business the price is equal to marginal cost. If we look at the short-term affects then there is the possibility for a firm to make a profit. However, this is not the traditional outcome and will quickly attract other firms in the industry. In turn it will elevate the level of supply demands. As a result of this increase, the products price will decrease. Simply meaning that in a perfect competitive market it is not feasible for a firm to profit in a long-term aspect.This doesn’t necessarily mean that a firm will not earn any profits. It means that the profit earned covers all the costs to produce the goods. This can include interest and liability. In turn, the long-term outcome for the firm in a perfect competitive market will earn a normal profit. T he profit will always be significantly less then firms in a monopoly or oligopoly would earn. Capitalism is based on the principles of the free market. In free markets the supply and demand variables help determine the quantity of the goods produced along with its market price.There are many foreign countries and their firms that have tried to implement free markets but have not been very successful because there has never been that type of market in international transactions. This is because global trade and national trade are derived from the same principles. The foundation of international trade is the principle of comparative advantage. Each country has different sets of resources. These variables are different because some countries have large populations, which influence the labor pool, especially when some people have specific developed skills in a one industry.For example, if people in Antarctica wanted to drink coffee that would have to or import them since the climate is not conducive to growing it. If Antarctica decided not to use international trade, they would either have to go without coffee or grow it in an un-natural environment. The cost of growing and providing coffee would increase the market price. Instead since Antarctica participates in international trade, they have the ability to focus and provided coffee to its countries consumers. Simply meaning that countries that have comparative advantages get it from their products for which has the lowest opportunity cost.If these countries focus on products that create their comparative advantages then the total output would be greater for the consumers of the world than if each country tried to individually produce everything. The marginal cost or the cost of producing a new product usually cost less than the average cost of producing a good. This is because the additional production usually is achieved without making any substantial new investments. (V,Kumar, 2008). Globalization allows produ ction to shift to the people and places that are in a position to produce the best products at the most competitive price (V,Kumar, 2008).When the total supply demanded is more, the consumers will benefit since the price will be lower. Simply meaning that in the absence of international trade, consumers around the world ended up having fewer suppliers who could provide the necessary good to produce their products and meet their demands. Ultimately letting the supplier controls the market and its price. If we consider an assignment we have earlier in this class, let us consider the automobile industry of the 1950’s and the present industry. In the 1950’s there were only three companies who produced and sold cars in the United States.Based on what we learned in this class it is defined as an oligopoly. The automobile industry was a highly profitable industry in the 1950’s. When international cars were imported in to the United States, they were competitively price d much lower than the cars produced on home soil, and the imported goods had better quality with more fuel efficiency. In turn consumers quickly shifted their interests and money to the imported vehicles. This caused local producers to be forced to lower their prices and improve their standards in order to stay competitive.International trade brought more options to consumers. It’s providing higher levels of competition and improved quality and efficiency. With free international trade, producers can provide and compete for customers across the world. Consumer surplus is defined as, â€Å"An economic measure of consumer satisfaction, which is calculated by analyzing the difference between what consumers are willing to pay for a good or service relative  to  its  market price. A consumer surplus occurs when the consumer is willing to pay more for a given product than  the current market price† (Investopedia: dictionary).When the number of suppliers in the indust ry increases it leads to higher levels of competition, and these market conditions found in a perfect competitive market end up being more profitable to consumers. Social cost are one of the variables that lack in all studies of economy however, as our society advances, so do social costs and this is reflecting in the markets. We have learned a lot about comparing the cost of a product and revenue generated from it In turn if we take into account the growing effect of social costs and the social benefits that can emerge from this trend.We cannot forget that there are also marginal social costs. The marginal social cost becomes greater with each additional thing that happens that is considered undesirable or also knows as un-anticipated cost activity. For example, an oil company that is drilling must extend its hours on Friday to reach the minimal amount of oil harvested. This will mean there will be a marginal cost for each additional hour the oilrig must operate to reach its quota. Marginal social cost would be the upward slope that shows the cost increasing with each additional output.Marginal benefits would be the opposite as marginal social cost with a downward slope. Environmental factors show the relationship connections between marginal social cost and marginal social benefit. Lets assume that all firms are constantly trying to reduce the level of pollution that they create. This is not an over night process and it does require a significant amount of capitol. This would affect the marginal benefit. Now on a different hand lets assume that a company has been cited for not following the regulations that govern company’s pollution control. This company is now required to get up to code.They are going to have to buy the new equipment that is required. This will inflate company’s costs and may affect the company’s ability to produce their products competitively. This could create many problems for the company but will ensure they are fo llowing required rules. Since it is for the good of society it means that the marginal social cost is beneficial than the marginal social benefit. Proving that marginal social cost and marginal social benefit lines cross where the two are equal. This class have class has taught many aspects and principles of microeconomics.It began with supply and demand and ended with marginal costs and benefits. All of the principles affect local and international firms, as well as consumers that are in both places. These studies will continue to evolve as business and society moves forward in the future.Work Cited * V,Kumar, VK. (2008, July 28). Globalization:who benefits from it. Retrieved from http://www. helium. com/items/398030-globalization-who-benefits-from-it * Investopedia: dictionary. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. investopedia. com/terms/c/consumer_surplus. asp